    // Ported from musl, which is licensed under the MIT license:

    // https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/COPYRIGHT

    //

    // https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/src/complex/__cexpf.c

    // https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/src/complex/__cexp.c

    const std = @import("../../std.zig");
    const debug = std.debug;
    const math = std.math;
    const testing = std.testing;
    const cmath = math.complex;
    const Complex = cmath.Complex;

    /// Returns exp(z) scaled to avoid overflow.
    pub fn ldexp_cexp(z: anytype, expt: i32) @TypeOf(z) {
        const T = @TypeOf(z.re);

        return switch (T) {
            f32 => ldexp_cexp32(z, expt),
            f64 => ldexp_cexp64(z, expt),
            else => unreachable,
        };
    }

    fn frexp_exp32(x: f32, expt: *i32) f32 {
        const k = 235; // reduction constant

        const kln2 = 162.88958740; // k * ln2

        const exp_x = @exp(x - kln2);
        const hx = @as(u32, @bitCast(exp_x));
        // TODO zig should allow this cast implicitly because it should know the value is in range

        expt.* = @as(i32, @intCast(hx >> 23)) - (0x7f + 127) + k;
        return @as(f32, @bitCast((hx & 0x7fffff) | ((0x7f + 127) << 23)));
    }

    fn ldexp_cexp32(z: Complex(f32), expt: i32) Complex(f32) {
        var ex_expt: i32 = undefined;
        const exp_x = frexp_exp32(z.re, &ex_expt);
        const exptf = expt + ex_expt;

        const half_expt1 = @divTrunc(exptf, 2);
        const scale1 = @as(f32, @bitCast((0x7f + half_expt1) << 23));

        const half_expt2 = exptf - half_expt1;
        const scale2 = @as(f32, @bitCast((0x7f + half_expt2) << 23));

        return Complex(f32).init(
            @cos(z.im) * exp_x * scale1 * scale2,
            @sin(z.im) * exp_x * scale1 * scale2,
        );
    }

    fn frexp_exp64(x: f64, expt: *i32) f64 {
        const k = 1799; // reduction constant

        const kln2 = 1246.97177782734161156; // k * ln2

        const exp_x = @exp(x - kln2);

        const fx = @as(u64, @bitCast(exp_x));
        const hx = @as(u32, @intCast(fx >> 32));
        const lx = @as(u32, @truncate(fx));

        expt.* = @as(i32, @intCast(hx >> 20)) - (0x3ff + 1023) + k;

        const high_word = (hx & 0xfffff) | ((0x3ff + 1023) << 20);
        return @as(f64, @bitCast((@as(u64, high_word) << 32) | lx));
    }

    fn ldexp_cexp64(z: Complex(f64), expt: i32) Complex(f64) {
        var ex_expt: i32 = undefined;
        const exp_x = frexp_exp64(z.re, &ex_expt);
        const exptf = @as(i64, expt + ex_expt);

        const half_expt1 = @divTrunc(exptf, 2);
        const scale1 = @as(f64, @bitCast((0x3ff + half_expt1) << (20 + 32)));

        const half_expt2 = exptf - half_expt1;
        const scale2 = @as(f64, @bitCast((0x3ff + half_expt2) << (20 + 32)));

        return Complex(f64).init(
            @cos(z.im) * exp_x * scale1 * scale2,
            @sin(z.im) * exp_x * scale1 * scale2,
        );
    }