    //! PCG32 - http://www.pcg-random.org/
    //!
    //! PRNG

    const std = @import("std");
    const Random = std.rand.Random;
    const Pcg = @This();

    const default_multiplier = 6364136223846793005;

    s: u64,
    i: u64,

    pub fn init(init_s: u64) Pcg {
        var pcg = Pcg{
            .s = undefined,
            .i = undefined,
        };

        pcg.seed(init_s);
        return pcg;
    }

    pub fn random(self: *Pcg) Random {
        return Random.init(self, fill);
    }

    fn next(self: *Pcg) u32 {
        const l = self.s;
        self.s = l *% default_multiplier +% (self.i | 1);

        const xor_s = @truncate(u32, ((l >> 18) ^ l) >> 27);
        const rot = @intCast(u32, l >> 59);

        return (xor_s >> @intCast(u5, rot)) | (xor_s << @intCast(u5, (0 -% rot) & 31));
    }

    fn seed(self: *Pcg, init_s: u64) void {
        // Pcg requires 128-bits of seed.

        var gen = std.rand.SplitMix64.init(init_s);
        self.seedTwo(gen.next(), gen.next());
    }

    fn seedTwo(self: *Pcg, init_s: u64, init_i: u64) void {
        self.s = 0;
        self.i = (init_s << 1) | 1;
        self.s = self.s *% default_multiplier +% self.i;
        self.s +%= init_i;
        self.s = self.s *% default_multiplier +% self.i;
    }

    pub fn fill(self: *Pcg, buf: []u8) void {
        var i: usize = 0;
        const aligned_len = buf.len - (buf.len & 7);

        // Complete 4 byte segments.

        while (i < aligned_len) : (i += 4) {
            var n = self.next();
            comptime var j: usize = 0;
            inline while (j < 4) : (j += 1) {
                buf[i + j] = @truncate(u8, n);
                n >>= 8;
            }
        }

        // Remaining. (cuts the stream)

        if (i != buf.len) {
            var n = self.next();
            while (i < buf.len) : (i += 1) {
                buf[i] = @truncate(u8, n);
                n >>= 8;
            }
        }
    }

    test "pcg sequence" {
        var r = Pcg.init(0);
        const s0: u64 = 0x9394bf54ce5d79de;
        const s1: u64 = 0x84e9c579ef59bbf7;
        r.seedTwo(s0, s1);

        const seq = [_]u32{
            2881561918,
            3063928540,
            1199791034,
            2487695858,
            1479648952,
            3247963454,
        };

        for (seq) |s| {
            try std.testing.expect(s == r.next());
        }
    }

    test "pcg fill" {
        var r = Pcg.init(0);
        const s0: u64 = 0x9394bf54ce5d79de;
        const s1: u64 = 0x84e9c579ef59bbf7;
        r.seedTwo(s0, s1);

        const seq = [_]u32{
            2881561918,
            3063928540,
            1199791034,
            2487695858,
            1479648952,
            3247963454,
        };

        for (seq) |s| {
            var buf0: [4]u8 = undefined;
            var buf1: [3]u8 = undefined;
            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf0, s);
            r.fill(&buf1);
            try std.testing.expect(std.mem.eql(u8, buf0[0..3], buf1[0..]));
        }
    }